Analysis of hybrid translinear circuit and its application. In this chapter, the mos translinear mtl circuit principle 1 is derived for. Ieee transactions on circuits and systems i fundamental theory and applications, 46 5, 607616. The proposed techniques are suitable for static and dynamic analog signal processing circuits in mixedsignal chips. The signal at the output is the product of the two input signals. Analysis and synthesis of static translinear circuits. It is composed of simple twoquadrant squarerdivider blocks. Understanding basic analogcircuit equations 5 the rules for thevenins theorem start with the component or part of the circuit being replaced.
In this paper we provide an overview of translinear circuit design using mos transistors operating in subthreshold region. Calculate the no load voltage v th as seen from these terminals use the voltage divider rule. Square root circuit using fgmos translinear principle. A novel square root circuit using floating gate mos fgmos transistors operating in the saturation region is presented.
Carefully designed translinear circuits are temperature insensitive and do not depend on device or technology parameters. The general problem of analog circuit synthesis is a difficult one and is receiving much attention nowadays. An example is the translinear circuit used in the quiescent current control of the transistor in output stage. We contrast the bipolar and mos subthreshold characteristics and extend the translinear principle to the subthreshold mos. Pdf a general translinear principle for subthreshold mos. A voltage translinear principle based currentmode analog multiplierdivider sun jing and chin hsi ling, edward abstract a novel currentmode analog multiplierdivider based on voltage translinear principle is proposed, featuring favorable precision and wide dynamic range. In its original formulation, the translinear principle provides a simple and efficient way to analyze and synthesize nonlinear circuits based on. The second approach is to use translinear principle of mos transistor. Mostranslinear principle 5 has also beenproposed in 6 for this purpose, though the complexity involved in the design seems unnecessary. Dc sources and translinear circuits tu delft opencourseware. Fgmos transistors are being utilized in a number of new and exciting analog. Translinear circuits history of translinear tu delft opencourseware. Keywords analog processing circuit, translinear loop.
Pdf translinear loop principle and identification of the. Analysis and synthesis of static translinear circuits abstract. Minch, member, ieee, paul hasler, member, ieee, and chris diorio, member, ieee abstract we describe a new class of translinear circuits that. These circuits in general can be implemented in digital standard cmos. In tl circuits, the exponential currentvolt age characteristic of bipolar transistors is exploited. The circuit employs mosfets that operate in strong inverted saturation region performing electronically simulated translinear loop. Do not use circuits like the class exercise without some sort of startup circuitry. In this paper, a novel approach for designing currentmode analog multiplierdivider circuits is presented, based on the cascade connection of a geometricmean circuit and a squarerdivider circuit. Simulation of analog circuits based on the translinear principle, using the mosfet devices in subthreshold conduction emil sofron university of pitesti, department of electronics and computers emil. It turned out that translinear networks have some unique topological. Reversing the positions of components, reverses the behavior remember, that impedance behaves like resistance, adding directly in series but inversely in parallel. Linear dynamic translinear circuits are linear because of device nonlinearities rather than in spite of them. Leif7 by barrie gilbert download pdf you may recall that newton leif joined analog devices as a young designer, bringing with him a wealth of experience and insights from his prior work. Simulation result using hspice that verify the functionality of circuit with 1 v supply is presented.
Dynamic translinear circuits exploit a generalization of this principle mulder et al. Analysis and synthesis of static translinear circuits bradley a. Translinear signal processing circuits in standard cmos fpaa. Synthesis of biasscalable cmos analog computational. The concept of a translinear circuit is now widely appreciated and applied. Considering multipliers part 1 the wit and wisdom of dr. Analog inference circuits for deep learning jeremy holleman, itamar arel, steven young. This paper revises the conditions under which the translinear principle can be fully exploited for mos transistors operating in subthreshold. An analog templatebased classifier using mos translinear. Design of mostranslinear multiplierdividers in analog vlsi article pdf available in vlsi design 114 january 2000 with 192 reads how we measure reads. It is found that the translinear principle results in a more general formulation than the originally found for bjts since now multiple translinear loops can be involved. The springer international series in engineering and computer science analog circuits and signal processing, vol 246. We assume that all junctions which can be diodes or the input ports of transistors are forwardbiased with external circuitry.
It is suitable for vlsi implementation and can be successfully. This paper addresses the conditions under which subthreshold mos transistors still satisfy a translinear principle, but without imposing this constraint on all vsub bs voltages. Introduction the translinear principle, introduced by gilbert in 1975 1, is one of the most important circuit theory contributions in the electronics era. The bipolar translinear principle ideal and nonideal behaviour 2. How to find a suitable translinear circuit realization. Generalized translinear circuit principle ieee xplore. The translinear principle, introduced by barry gilbert in 1975 i, is one of the most important circuit theory contributions in the electronics era. Notice that in both of these circuits, the resistor is parallel to the power source, with one end tied to ground. Currentmode fourquadrant analog multiplier circuits have been designed from different principles such as stacked 12 and folded mos translinear loops mtl 11. Analysis and synthesis of mos translinear circuits. Lowvoltage cmos multiplier circuit based on the translinear. A generalized form of the translinear principle was recently proposed for mos operating above threshold 4. Integrated circuits for analog signal processing, 2012.
The operation of translinear principle is based on the relationship between current and junction voltage. Arreguit and his associates, in turn, cite the nonlinear circuits handbook 1, and mention that, in analyzing such circuits, they can apply the generalized translinear principle that translates the sum of voltages into a product of. Translinear principle for mos trmcistors at the end of this section you should be able to. The circuit can find application in the implementation of wide range of analog systems, fuzzy and neural. Gilbert principle takes advantage of our knowledge in a different way, and for a different end. Synthesis of logdomain filters from firstorder building. An analog template matching pattern classifier circuit based on a new synthesis of euclidean distance calculation is presented. Derive the translinear principle, and describe situations in which it can be applied. Circuits and principles shihchii liu, jorg kramer, giacomo indiveri, tobias delbruck, rodney douglas on. The currentmode approach is a frequently used circuit technique for analog designs. Multipleinput translinear element networks circuits and. We contrast the bipolar and mos subthreshold characteristics and extend the translinear principle to the subthreshold mos ohmic region through a draidsource current decomposition. Due to the exponential nature of subthreshold mos transistors, the translinear principle applies immediately as long as the source.
A general translinear principle for subthreshold mos transistors. This is the key to the strictly translinear principle and, basically, only devices showing a very exact. In the design manual, it can be seen that the corresponding breakdown. Since in transistorized circuits implementing translinear function as. Some years ago, i had the opportunity to investigate methods for designing bipolar trans linear circuits. Novel highprecision currentmode circuits based on the mostranslinear principle. The block operates on the translinear principle, equating the sum of vgs5 and vgs6 with the sum of. An analog multiplier is a device having two input ports and an output port. If both input and output signals are voltages, the transfer characteristic is the product of the two voltages divided by a scaling factor, k, which has. Index terms cmos analog integrated circuits, current mode circuits, lowpower circuits, nonlinear circuits, subthreshold circuits, translinear circuits, very large scale integration. Although the square law conformity on which the voltagetranslinear principle relies is not as precise as the exponential conformity of. A voltage translinear principle based currentmode analog. This paper traces the history of the concept, delineates the original meaning of the term, explains the basic principles of this class of circuit and discusses recent, more general, interpretations of the term. Translinear circuits are fundamentally largesignal circuits.
The cmos output stage has been proposed in 4 and the schematic is redrawn in fig. First, extension of the translinear circuit principle to implementation by mos transistors operating in. These socalled voltagetranslinear circuits 16 are based on the linear dependence of the trans conductance of a most operating in strong inversion and the saturation mode on the gatesource voltage. The mostranslinear mtl circuit principle is derived and an initial classification of simple mtl circuits is proposed. Translinear circuits are tunable electronically over a wide dynamic range of. Some of the most common basic operations in fpaa are. The ideal translinear element, translinear signal representations, the translinear principle, abcs of translinearloopcircuit synthesis, the multipleinput translinear element, multipleinput translinear element networks. Figure 11 from a general translinear principle for. The increased commercial interest in analog cmos lsi and vlsi has renewed interest in the translin ear principle for mos circuit design.
Kuntman has authored many publications on modeling and simulation of electron devices and electronic circuits for computeraided design, analog vlsi design and active circuit. In this paper, novel currentmode analog multiplier circuit based on a pair of voltagetranslinear loop is presented. As we saw in lecture yesterday, the gilbert principle is a. Currentmode circuits from a translinear viewpoint, chapter 2 in analog ic. It is recommended that the word translinear, used without further qualification, should be reserved. Pdf a survey on the static and dynamic translinear. Translinear circuits are tunable electronically over a wide dynamic range of parameters e.
A 1v cmos divider circuit based on the translinear principle. A survey on the static and dynamic translinear paradigm. Derive the translinear principle, and describe situations in which it can be. An rmsdc converter based on the dynamic translinear principle. Referring to figure 7, look into the terminals point xx in the figure of the circuit being replaced. Some examples are given of mtl circuits synthesizing nonlinear functions view.
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