In the year 953 he supposedly completed a collection of narratives from muslim sailors based in siraf, oman, basra and elsewhere in this work, there are mentions of how muslim seafarers traveled to india, malaysia, indonesia, china and east africa. Book of roads and kingdoms, by the persian geographer ibn khordadbeh, and greek history notably ptolemy from the perspectives of iconography, context. Goods from western europe travelled east to central asia and china and vice versa, and the muslim world could only interact with northern europe via. Both ibn hawqal and istakhri would later write a book with the same title. Adds a trade network to western europe, parts of the mediterranean and north africa. Whether the term, which is used by only a limited number of primary sources, refers to a specific guild, or a clan, or is a generic term for jewish. Almasaalik wa almamaalik iran blog fotros travel agency. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh the book of roads and kingdoms arabic. In this capacity ibn khordadbeh served as both postmaster general and the caliphs personal spymaster in that vital province. Islamic golden age project gutenberg selfpublishing.
History of the jews in china wikipedia republished wiki 2. Indeed, safety of travel and facilities for halting stations on the highways had. Remarkably, in the book of ibn khordadbeh the book of roads and kingdoms, he describes the land at that time similar to the result reached. Sulaiman al mahri ibn ahmad ibn sulayman was born in shihr in 1480. All four began in the rhone valley of france and terminated in china. Kitab alrawd almitar, the book of the fragrant garden, is a fifteenthcentury arabic geography by muhammad bin abd almunim alhimyari that is a primary source for the history of muslim spain in the middle ages, though it is based in part on the earlier account by muhammad alidrisi.
It is sometimes confused with a work by the same name written in the ninth century by ibn khordadbeh. It is mentioned in the book that jewish traders, called radhanites, traded with the uighurs and china, and that the rus i. The book of roads and kingdoms is a 9thcentury geography text by the persian geographer ibn khordadbeh. Ibn khordadbeh observed and recorded routes of jewish merchants in his book of roads and kingdoms from the south of france to spain, carrying amongst other things female slaves, eunuch slaves, and young slave boys. The western world first came to know about it by the historical works in the 9th century by ibn khordadbeh in his book of roads and kingdoms dated 850 ad, which referred to it as set bandhai or bridge of the sea. The phoenicians and the syrians of palestine, according to their own account, dwelt anciently upon the erythraean sea, but. At dandan oilik an 8th century document written in judeopersian was found and translated by aurel stein. In his journals, al mahri noted the islands off the west coast of siam malaya. Alzuhri was able to use the writings of the geographers of the reign of caliph almamun of baghdad d. Dec 14, 2017 the activities of the radhanites are documented by ibn khordadbeh the postmaster, chief of police and spymaster for the province of jibal, under the abbasid caliph almutamid when he wrote kitab almasalik walmamalik book of roads and kingdoms, in about 870. He had lost 11 ships in the indian ocean but recovered his fortunes when his 12th ship safely.
His description of the world ends in aden, the furthest southern place were the postal service reaches. Michael chabon gentlemen of the road sunday serial the. Around 870 ibn khordadbeh wrote kitgb al masglik wal mamglik the book of roads and kingdoms. Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms is the name of an. Did king alfred the great send two envoys to christian. How islam spread into subsaharan region of west africa, and the great civilizations it established there, taking its inhabitants out of paganism to the worship of one god. Almasaalik wa almamaalik by ibn khordadbeh was registered on iran memory of the world list in 2015 ibn khordadbeh. It maps and describes the major trade routes of the time within the muslim world, and discusses distant trading regions such as japan, korea, and. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri and atlantic ocean see more. Apr 22, 2007 zelikman took the book with reverence and set it on a lectern and started to turn its pages, and she supposed that they had lost him now for a long time.
Buzurg ibn shahriyar of ramhormuz, was allegedly a muslim traveler, sailor, cartographer and geographer who was born in khuzistan in persia. His history concerning the turks was written using ibn khordadbeh, aldjayhani and ibn almukaffa as sources. Included is a history of the arab invasion of khurasan, which it is believed gardizi was using alsallami as a source. It consisted of a history of the preislamic kings of persia, muhammad and the caliphs until the year 1032. Through trade and tourism, china turns its attention to. Parts of the book date at different time periods after fall of rome, book disappears rediscovered by the arabic revival about 8000ad ibn khordadbeh c. Each of these deeply reported features takes readers on a deep dive into unsolved crimes, underground scenes, and unsung heroes in this anthony bourdaincurated, beardawardwinning longform series. Jun 26, 2019 history revisited did englands king alfred the great send two envoys to christian shrines in india in 9th century.
Book of the roads and kingdoms 97899535458 by abu alqasim ibn khordadbeh and a great selection of similar new, used and collectible books available now at great prices. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri unionpedia, the. It maps and describes the major trade routes of the time within the muslim world, and discusses distant trading regions such as japan, korea, and china. Kitab almasalik walmamalik the book of roads and kingdoms. It was written around 870 ce, while its author was director of posts and police for the. These small, playful terracotta figures portray elegant dancers, fierce warriors, and also prosperous merchants perched on top of the sort of heavily laden camels that regularly made the arduous trek along the silk road. Albakri based his work on the accounts of merchants and adventurers such as yusuf alwarraq and abraham ben jacob. The first mention of this reportedly manmade bridge was found in the accounts of ibn khordadbeh in his book of roads and kingdoms. Born in 850 ce in shamistiyan, in the province of balkh, khorasan in modernday afghanistan, he was a disciple of alkindi.
The museum in the chinese city of luoyang possesses one of the worlds finest collections of tang dynasty tomb sculptures. Almost three centuries before the publicationmost likely by a canon of st. On their return from china they carry back musk, aloes, camphor, cinnamon and other. Oct 3, 2016 kitab almasalik walmamalik the book of roads and kingdoms 870ad. Ibn khordadbeh was a persian geographer in 9 th century. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh infogalactic. Ibn khordadbeh wikipedias ibn khordadbeh as translated.
On a controversial passage in ibn khordahbehs book of itineraries and kingdoms by jan romgard romgard, j. Also called ibn khurdadhbih and ibn hordadbesh, ibn khurradadhbih as postmaster general he traveled very far and wrote the above book about it. Wikizero book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh. Boek van wegen en koninkrijken ibn khordadbeh book of roads. Ibn khordadbeh described the radhanites as sophisticated and multilingual. This paper discusses a 9th century arabic source, ibn khordadhbehs kitabal. Also khazars paid no taxes to the central government. His father was the ruler of tabarestan, modern mazandaran, nut he himself was a director of posts and intelligence. In his 9th century book of roads and kingdoms, the persian geographer and bureaucrat ibn khordadbeh describes jewish merchants, known as radhanites, who traveled all the way from europe to china via the silk road, bearing slaves, swords, and furs to china. Since then, it has been attributed with several names like set bandhai, meaning bridge of the sea, ramas bridge and adams bridge. Geography and alandalus website of a documentary on the rise, reign, and fall of islamic spain.
Book of roads and kingdoms or book of highways and kingdoms arabic. The book of roads and kingdoms, kitab almasalik wal mamalik is a 9thcentury geography text by the persian geographer ibn khordadbeh. Scandinavians in russia went to the caspian sea and baghdad. Around 846847ce ibn khordadbeh wrote kitab al masalik wal mamalik the book of roads and kingdoms with the second edition of the book being published in 885ce. In this work, ibn khordadbeh described the various peoples and provinces of the abbasid caliphate. Domiyat, was an egyptian muslim admiral and explorer in 1008, the fatimid egyptian sea captain domiyat travels to the buddhist pilgrimage site in shandong, china, to seek out the chinese emperor zhenzong of song with gifts from his ruling alhakim biamr allah, successfully reopening diplomatic relations between egypt and china that had been lost since the collapse of the tang dynasty.
The piri reis margin notes, translation from the oldest map of america afet inan, ankara, 1954 charles hapgood commentary on the piri reis map, photocopied from maps of the ancient sea kings. He was a student of the philosopher and scientist ibn majid and lived during the reign of. Map of eurasia showing the trade network of the radhanites, c. This city makes up one of the seven emirates of the united arab emirates, but at that time it was classified as the coast of oman. The 9th century persian geographer, ibn khordadbeh, mentioned the bridge in his book of roads and kingdoms, referring to it is set bandhai or bridge of the sea.
Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh the book of roads and kingdoms. Nov 01, 2016 the author focuses on a ninthcentury tradition of maps known collectively as the kitab almasalik wa almamalik, or book of roads and kingdoms, by the persian geographer ibn khordadbeh, and greek history notably ptolemy from the perspectives of iconography, context, and patronage. The piri reis map is a world map compiled in 15 by the ottoman admiral and cartographer piri reis pronounced pii. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh wikivisually. Abulqasim ubaydallah ibn abdallah ibn khordadbeh persian. The book of roads and kingdoms with the second edition of the book being. He was a persian geographer and bureaucrat of the 9th century. His seven sons whom he positioned in seven different commercial centers from his base in yemen, enhanced his trading business by sending goods from foreign markets. A passage in the anglosaxon chronicle has long been the subject of. It maps and describes the major trade routes of the time within the muslim world, and discusses distant. He the radhanites jews as sophisticated and multilingual.
The author focuses on a ninthcentury tradition of maps known collectively as the kitab almasalik wa almamalik, or book of roads and kingdoms, by the persian geographer ibn khordadbeh, and greek history notably ptolemy from the perspectives of iconography, context, and patronage. Kitab almasalik wa lmamalik, that is, the book of itineraries and kingdoms. Boek van wegen en koninkrijken ibn khordadbeh book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh. The book of roads and kingdoms exists today only in fragmentary form. His father was a zoroastrian who converted into islam in abbasid era. Connection of vikings and turks history forum all empires. Map of eurasia showing the trade network of the radhanites in blue, c.
China was a destination for radhanite jews who brought boys, female slaves and eunuchs from europe according to the book of roads and kingdoms by ibn khordadbeh. Along with maps, the book also includes descriptions of the land. He outlined four main trade routes utilized by the radhanites in their journeys. Mar 05, 2014 the first mention of this reportedly manmade bridge was found in the accounts of ibn khordadbeh in his book of roads and kingdoms. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh, written in the late 9th century by ibn khordadbeh, an abbasid civil servant in the province of jibal book of roads and kingdoms, written in the early 10th century by istakhri book of roads and kingdoms albakri, written in the mid 11th century by abu abdullah albakri in spain. Ibn khordadbeh described the radhanites as sophisticated and. He was the writer of a notable work, kitab aljaghrafiyya book of geography. Book of roads and kingdoms albakri project gutenberg self. How the arabs saw the world journal of eurasian affairs. The activities of the radhanites are documented by abu lqasim ubaid allah ibn khordadbeh, the director of posts and police spymaster and postman for the province of jibal under the abbasid caliph almutamid ruled 869885 ce, when he wrote kitab almasalik walmamalik the book of roads and kingdoms, probably around 870.
Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh wikipedia. Abulqasim ubaydallah ibn abdallah ibn khordadbeh c. Book of roads and kingdoms ibn khordadbeh, written in the late 9th century by ibn khordadbeh, an abbasid civil servant in the province of jibal. Full text of icaca understanding ghana pdf see other formats spread of islam in west africa part 1 of 3. Around 846847ce ibn khordadbeh wrote kitab al masalik wal mamalik the book of roads and kingdoms. On a controversial passage in ibn khordadhbehs book of itineraries and kingdoms. Sulaiman al mahri project gutenberg selfpublishing. He was called almahri because he was a descendant of the arabic tribe of mahara.
Khordadbeh in english with contextual examples mymemory. In the late 9th century, ibn khordadbeh described the rus buying goods from the khazars in the market areas on the lower volga and selling them on the markets of caspian towns. To many people, it will seem incongruous that a 19thcentury chinese silversmith in canton would have created a megillah, but its not as strange as it initially appears. Abul abbas alhijazi, was a 12thcentury arab muslim traveler, merchant and sailor and is known to have spent forty years in china. The 15thcentury arabic book kitab alfawaid fi wal alilmi al bahri wal qawaid book of useful information on the principles and rules of navigation was compiled by ibn majid and his student sulaiman al mahri. In india, its reference was made for the first time by valmiki in his sanskrit epic ramayana. Abulqasim ibn khordadbeh, provided a fair explanation about the location of the unified shilla in his book, kitab almasalik wa al mamalik the book of roads and kingdoms. We accept pitches from freelance writers, carousers and photographers. In syria, this tepelik term is called shurfah and means merlon in arabic figure 24a, figure 261, figure 28, figure 37. Around 846847ce ibn khordadbeh wrote kitab al masalik w al mamalik the book of roads and kingdoms with the second edition of the book being published in 885ce. Ibn khordadbeh grew up to be a knowledgeable scholar, and.
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